Canada’s SMS Regulations: The Role of Vessel Internal Audits

In July 2024, the Marine Safety Management System Regulations (SOR/2024-133) came into force in Canada, requiring ship managers of Class 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 vessels to develop, implement, and maintain a documented Safety Management System (SMS). This system must address both shore-based and onboard operations, ensuring a structured approach to maritime safety and regulatory compliance.

Significance of Internal Audits

Internal audits are a key element of an effective SMS, helping vessel operators systematically evaluate their operations, procedures, and safety protocols. These audits play a crucial role in identifying operational risks, verifying compliance with established standards, and driving continuous improvement.

Regular internal audits enable vessel operators to detect and rectify potential hazards before they escalate into major safety incidents. They also ensure that crew members are well-trained, emergency response procedures are properly implemented, and all documentation remains up to date. By proactively addressing safety concerns, internal audits help prevent accidents, reduce downtime, and improve overall operational efficiency.

Vessels Subject to the New Regulations

The Marine Safety Management System Regulations apply to a broad range of Canadian vessels, categorized as Class 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. These regulations also extend to foreign vessels operating in Canadian waters that are subject to Chapter IX of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).

However, not all vessels fall under these requirements. The regulations do not apply to vessels covered by the Fishing Vessel Safety Regulations, non-mechanically propelled vessels not carrying passengers or hazardous materials, human-powered vessels, special-purpose vessels, or pleasure craft. Operators of these exempted vessels should still consider implementing voluntary safety audits to maintain high safety standards.

Implementing Internal Audits

To comply with the new regulations, ship managers should establish a structured schedule for conducting internal audits. These audits should comprehensively assess key operational areas, including:

Emergency preparedness, which ensures that crews are well-trained to respond to potential onboard incidents, such as fires, equipment failures, or environmental hazards. Maintenance procedures must also be reviewed to confirm that all systems and equipment are properly serviced and meet safety standards. Crew training and competency assessments should be conducted regularly to verify that personnel are adequately trained for their roles and responsibilities. Additionally, all documentation, including safety manuals, operational procedures, and compliance reports, should be maintained in accordance with regulatory requirements.

Findings from these audits should be carefully documented, with corrective actions implemented promptly to address any identified deficiencies. A well-executed internal audit process fosters a culture of accountability, ensuring that safety and operational best practices are consistently upheld.

Conclusion

The enforcement of the Marine Safety Management System Regulations marks a significant step in strengthening maritime safety in Canada. Internal audits are an essential tool for vessel operators to maintain compliance, enhance safety, and optimize operational efficiency. By proactively addressing risks and implementing continuous improvements, ship managers can contribute to a safer, more efficient, and more resilient maritime industry.